Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that is quite variable in its severity and associated problems. It is approximately four times more common in boys than in girls, and usually appears in the first three years of life, occurring in about 1 out of every 88 births. It is considered to be one of several pervasive developmental disorders, as is a similar condition known as Asperger's Syndrome.
Characteristics
Autism is characterized by a variety of unusual behaviors, including communication deficits and difficulty interacting with others. It is usually, though not always, accompanied by an intellectual disability. Children with autism have great variability in their developmental skills. Often motor skills are relatively normal, but language, social, and self-help abilities are usually impaired. Sometimes these children do not acquire speech; other times their language may be significantly delayed or unusual. If they are able to talk, they may use words without attaching the usual meanings to them or may merely echo what they have heard. They often are not able to understand other people's speech, facial expressions, or perspective.
Children with autism often interact with other children and adults in unconventional ways, and they may not use toys and other objects as intended. Their play tends to be rote and repetitive; pretend and imaginative play is very limited. Some children are subject to self-injurious, repetitive, self-stimulating, and occasionally aggressive behavior. They may engage in various forms of oppositional behavior such as tantrums. Other children may be socially withdrawn or even unaware of their surroundings. They may appear not to hear well, but hearing tests are usually normal.
What Causes Autism?
There is no single cause of autism, but genetics play an important role. Children with autism are at increased risk for epileptic seizures and for attention deficits.
Diagnosing Autism
The diagnosis of autism should be made by a multidisciplinary team that has experience with autistic children. These specialists are usually found at major medical centers, but community subspecialists, in collaboration with educators and other professionals, can also provide this service.
Special Services Available
Children with autism require specialized services within the community and within the school system. Contrary to previous beliefs, early and ongoing intervention can significantly improve the functioning of many children with autism. Their families need and should seek out information and support. These services can be obtained from medical centers, community agencies, advocacy groups, family support networks, Internet sites, and the family's pediatrician.
Keep in mind that all children have essential needs, regardless of their levels of intelligence and knowledge. Children with an intellectual disability and or autism may not always be able to demonstrate or communicate their love or their need for love and affection, but they need as much love as any other child.
