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When to Call 911 for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for Your Child

When to Call EMS When to Call EMS

By: Brooke Redmond, MD, CHSE, FAAP

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is a system of trained professionals who handle out-of-hospital emergencies.

EMS is linked to a nationwide emergency phone number. In the United States, dial 911 to contact EMS. 911 will dispatch the right professional to your emergency.

Call emergency medical services immediately for any of the following:

A child in need of fast, urgent medical treatment wherever they are

  • Multiple children affected by injury or serious illness at the same time

  • Fever plus abnormal "ABCs" (appearance, breathing or circulation)

  • Strange, withdrawn or altered behavior

  • Decreased alertness

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Trouble speaking

  • Skin or lips that look blue, purple or gray

  • Rhythmic jerking of arms and legs and a loss of responsiveness (seizure)

  • Unresponsive, unconscious

  • Decreasing responsiveness

  • Head injury and/or: decrease in level of alertness; confusion; headache; vomiting; irritability; difficulty walking

  • Increasing or severe pain anywhere

  • Bleeding that cannot be stopped

  • Deep and/or large cut or burn

  • Vomiting blood

  • Severe stiff neck, headache and fever

  • Significant dehydration with signs and symptoms like sunken eyes, not making tears or urinating, lethargy

  • Rapid onset or quickly spreading purple or red rash

  • Significant blood in stools

  • Hot or cold weather injuries (e.g. frostbite, heat exhaustion)

Important 911 tips for parents

In many areas of the United States, EMS can identify the location of a 911 emergency call using special technology. Mobile phone calls, however, cannot always be identified. Always be prepared to tell the EMS dispatcher your exact location. At home keep your street address posted by the telephone.

When your child needs prompt medical care but not necessarily an ambulance transport:

  • Fever in any age child who looks more than mildly ill

  • Fever of 100.5°F or higher in a child younger than 60 days (2 months) old

  • Any age child who appears very ill or is acting like they are very sick

  • Severe vomiting and/or diarrhea

  • Significant injury or cut that may require stitches (such as a wound that does not hold together by itself after cleaning)

  • Any animal bites that puncture the skin

  • Any venomous bites or stings with spreading local redness and swelling, or evidence of general illness

  • Any medical condition specifically outlined in a child's care plan requiring parental notification

More information

About Dr. Redmond

Brooke RedmondBrooke Redmond, MD, CHSE, FAAP, is an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the Yale School of Medicine and an attending neonatal critical care physician at the Yale New Haven Children's Hospital. She is the creator and director of the 24/7 BABY program, an innovative partnership between Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Emergency Medical Services. Dr. Redmond serves as a steering committee member for the AAP Pediatric First Aid and Safety Committee.

Last Updated
5/11/2026
Source
American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric First Aid and Safety Committee (Copyright © 2026)
The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.